Журнал микробиологии, эпидемиологии и иммунобиологии. 2021; 98: 497-511
Характеристика эпидемиологической ситуации по COVID-19 в Санкт-Петербурге
https://doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-154Аннотация
Цель. Определить эпидемиологические закономерности распространения SARS-CoV-2 среди населения Санкт-Петербурга за годовой период пандемии COVID-19.
Материалы и методы. Проведён анализ динамики случаев заболеваний COVID-19 в Санкт-Петербурге в период с 02.03.2020 по 04.04.2021 и гендерно-возрастной характеристики пациентов. Информация о пациентах (возраст, пол, форма заболевания, госпитализация, социально-профессиональная принадлежность) извлечена из базы данных, сформированной на основе материалов формы статистического учёта № 058/у.
Результаты. По прошествии года в динамике выявления случаев COVID-19 в Санкт-Петербурге можно выделить два цикла сезонного подъёма заболеваемости (весенний и осенне-зимний) и 8 периодов эпидемии. Установлено, что в структуре заболевших COVD-19 отсутствует гендерно-возрастная избирательность, о чём свидетельствуют относительно равномерные показатели заболеваемости мужчин и женщин на 100 тыс. населения в каждой возрастной группе в отдельные периоды эпидемии. Отчётливо выражена зависимость клинических проявлений COVID-19 от возраста пациентов: тяжёлые формы заболевания чаще диагностированы у пациентов старше 70 лет независимо от гендерной принадлежности. Наиболее вовлечёнными в эпидемический процесс COVID-19 по социально-профессиональному статусу были пенсионеры и лица, связанные по роду деятельности с обеспечением жизнедеятельности Санкт-Петербурга. Удельный вес пенсионеров среди заболевших COVID-19 составил 13,69% (мужчины) и 17,67% (женщины). Доля медицинских работников составила 3,67% (мужчины) и 9,41% (женщины).
Заключение. Высказано предположение, что COVID-19 формируется как сезонное заболевание с ежегодными осенне-зимними эпидемическими циклами. Обсуждаются перспективы вакцинопрофилактики COVID-19 в России и необходимость учёта в системе эпидемиологического надзора за COVID-19 случаев осложнений, патогенетически связанных с острой фазой заболевания.
Список литературы
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Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2021; 98: 497-511
Assessment of the COVID-19 epidemiological situation in St. Petersburg
https://doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-154Abstract
Aim. Identification of epidemiological patterns of the SARS-CoV-2 spread among the population of St. Petersburg during the one-year COVID-19 pandemic period.
Materials and methods. The performed analysis focused on the dynamics of COVID-19 cases in St. Petersburg from 2/3/2020 to 4/4/2021 and on the gender-age profile of patients. The information about patients (age, gender, type of the disease, hospitalization, social, and occupational status) was obtained from the database containing the materials from statistical data form No. 058/u.
Results. After one year, the dynamics of reported cases of COVID-19 in St. Petersburg shows two cycles of seasonal surge (spring and autumn-winter) and 8 epidemic periods. It has been found that there are no gender-age differences among COVID-19 patients, which can be seen from the relatively similar number of cases among men and women per 100,000 people in each age group during specific epidemic periods. The strong association between clinical manifestations of COVID-19 and the patients' age was detected: Severe cases were more frequently diagnosed in patients over 70 years, regardless of their gender identity. Based on the social and occupational status, the people who were most exposed to the COVID-19 epidemic process were retirees and people whose occupation was associated with health and safety of St. Petersburg. Among the COVID-19 patients, retirees accounted for 13.69% (men) and 17.67% (women). The proportion of healthcare workers was 3.67% (men) and 9.41% (women).
Conclusion. It has been assumed that COVID-19 tends to be a seasonal disease featuring annual autumn-winter epidemic cycles. The study addressed prospects of preventive vaccination against COVID-19 in Russia and the importance of tracking the complications pathogenetically associated with the acute phase of the disease in the system of epidemiological surveillance.
References
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