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Журнал микробиологии, эпидемиологии и иммунобиологии. 2021; 98: 144-155

Особенности микробиома толстой кишки у пациентов с ожирением при его различных фенотипах (оригинальная статья)

Гапонов А. М., Волкова Н. И., Ганенко Л. А., Набока Ю. Л., Маркелова М. И., Синягина М. Н., Харченко А. М., Хуснутдинова Д. Р., Румянцев С. А., Тутельян А. В., Макаров В. В., Юдин С. М., Шестопалов А. В.

https://doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-66

Аннотация

Введение. На протяжении последних десятилетий разрабатывается концепция гетерогенности ожирения в зависимости от риска развития кардиометаболических осложнений, т.к. не все пациенты с ожирением склонны к развитию метаболической дисфункции.

Цель работы — изучить особенности микробных сообществ толстой кишки методом метагеномного анализа у пациентов с различными фенотипами ожирения и у здоровых людей.

Материалы и методы. Обследованы 265 человек (44 мужчины и 221 женщина, средний возраст 47,1 ± 4,8 года). Сформированы клинические группы: здоровые люди с нормальной массой тела (n = 129); пациенты с ожирением (n = 136), в том числе с метаболически здоровым (n = 40) и метаболически нездоровым (n = 55). Количественная и качественная оценка состояния микробиома кишечника выполнена путём метагеномного анализа. Из образцов кала выделяли ДНК и проводили секвенирование вариабельного участка v3-v4 гена 16S рРНК. Результаты. Выявлены статистически значимые (p < 0,05) различия количественных и качественных показателей изучаемых филотипов микроорганизмов толстой кишки у здоровых людей без ожирения и у пациентов с разными фенотипами ожирения.

Обсуждение. У пациентов с ожирением повышено количество Bacteroidetes, Рroteobacteria и снижено содержание Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, TM7 (Saccharibacteria), Fusobacteria, а также чаще верифицируются филотипы Tenericutes, Planctomycetes и Lentisphaerae по сравнению с показателями у здоровых людей. У пациентов с метаболически здоровым ожирением в микробиоме толстой кишки реже регистрируется филотип Lentisphaerae, наблюдается повышение количества Firmicutes и снижение Bacteroidetes по сравнению с показателями при метаболически нездоровом ожирении.

Выводы. Полученные данные демонстрируют изменения микробиома толстой кишки у пациентов с разными фенотипами ожирения.

Список литературы

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20. Rial S.A., Karelis A.D., Bergeron K.F., Mounier C. Gut microbiota and metabolic health: The potential beneficial effects of a medium chain triglyceride diet in obese individuals. Nutrients. 2016; 8(5): 281. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8050281

Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2021; 98: 144-155

Characteristics of the colonic microbiome in patients with different obesity phenotypes (the original article)

Gaponov A. M., Volkova N. I., Ganenko L. A., Naboka Yu. L., Markelova M. I., Siniagina M. N., Kharchenko A. M., Khusnutdinova D. R., Roumiantsev S. A., Tutelyan A. V., Makarov V. V., Yudin S. M., Shestopalov A. V.

https://doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-66

Abstract

Introduction. The concept of heterogeneity in obesity depending on the risk of developing cardiometabolic complications has garnered attention in recent decades, since not everyone with obesity goes on to develop metabolic dysfunction.

The aim of the work is to study specific characteristics of colonic microbial communities in patients with different obesity phenotypes and in healthy individuals by employing metagenomics methods.

Materials and methods. A total of 265 individuals (44 men and 221 women; mean age 47.1 ± 4.8 years) were enrolled in the study. They were further divided into clinical groups: Healthy normal-weight individuals (n = 129); patients with obesity (n = 136), including metabolically healthy obesity (n = 40) and metabolically unhealthy obesity (n = 55). Quantitative and qualitative assessment of the intestinal microbiome was based on metagenomic analysis. Fecal samples were used to isolate DNA and perform sequencing of the variable v3-v4 region of the 16S rRNA gene.

Results. The study revealed statistically significant (p < 0.05) differences between quantitative and qualitative variables in studied phylotypes of colonic microorganisms in healthy individuals without obesity and in patients with different obesity phenotypes.

Discussion. Patients with obesity had higher levels of Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria and lower levels of Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, TM7 (Saccharibacteria), Fusobacteria, and more frequently detected phyla Tenericutes, Planctomycetes and Lentisphaerae compared to healthy individuals. Metabolically healthy obese patients had more rarely detected phylum Lentisphaerae in their colonic microbiome, increased numbers of Firmicutes and reduced numbers of Bacteroidetes compared to metabolically unhealthy obese patients.

Conclusion. The findings demonstrate alterations in the colonic microbiome in patients with different obesity phenotypes.

References

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2. Brandão I., Martins M.J., Monteiro R. Metabolically healthy obesity-heterogeneity in definitions and unconventional factors. Metabolites. 2020; 10(2): 48. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo10020048

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17. Schwiertz A., Taras D., Schäfer K., Beijer S., Bos N.A., Donus C., et al. Microbiota and SCFA in lean and overweight healthy subjects. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2010; 18(1): 190–5. https://doi.org/10.1038/oby.2009.167

18. Duncan S.H., Lobley G.E., Holtrop G., Ince J., Johnstone A.M., Louis P., et al. Human colonic microbiota associated with diet, obesity and weight loss. Int. J. Obes. (Lond). 2008; 32(11): 1720–4. https://doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2008.155

19. Mitra S., Förster-Fromme K., Damms-Machado A., Scheurenbrand T., Biskup S., Huson D.H., et al. Analysis of the intestinal microbiota using SOLiD 16S rRNA gene sequencing and SOLiD shotgun sequencing. BMC Genomics. 2013; 14(Suppl. 5): S16. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-14-S5-S16

20. Rial S.A., Karelis A.D., Bergeron K.F., Mounier C. Gut microbiota and metabolic health: The potential beneficial effects of a medium chain triglyceride diet in obese individuals. Nutrients. 2016; 8(5): 281. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8050281