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Журнал микробиологии, эпидемиологии и иммунобиологии. 2021; 98: 213-220

Фавипиравир: скрытая опасность мутагенного действия

Жирнов О. П., Чернышова А. И.

https://doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-114

Аннотация

 

Антивирусный химиопрепарат фавипиравир (ФП) имеет свойства функционального конкурента гуанозина и аденозина, в инфицированных клетках претерпевает химическую трансформацию ферментами клетки в нуклеотидную форму — ФП-рибозилтрифосфат, который способен связываться с вирусной РНК-зависимой РНК-полимеразой и встраиваться в цепочку вирусной РНК, вызывая заметное мутагенное действие посредством транзиций в геноме РНК-содержащих вирусов, преимущественно G→A и C→U. Усиление синтеза мутантных форм вирионов под действием ФП, помимо вирусингибирующего эффекта, несет угрозу появления новых опасных вирусных штаммов с повышенной патогенностью для человека и животных и приобретённой устойчивостью к химиопрепарату. Для минимизации мутагенного эффекта ФП возможны синтез новых модификаций ФП, лишенных способности встраиваться в молекулу синтезированной РНК; комбинированное применение ФП с противовирусными химиопрепаратами иного механизма действия и направленными на различные вирусные и/или клеточные мишени; курсовое применение при строгом врачебном контроле высоких терапевтических доз ФП для усиления летального мутагенного эффекта на инфекционный вирус в организме-реципиенте для предотвращения размножения его мутантных форм.

Список литературы

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5. Furuta Y., Egawa H. Nitrogenous heterocyclic carboxamide derivatives or salts thereof and antiviral agents containing both. European Patent Office WO, 00/10569 (JP25044198 application 20.08.1998). WO2000010569A1; 2000.

6. Shiraki K., Daikoku T. Favipiravir, an anti-influenza drug against life-threatening RNA virus infections. Pharmacol Ther. 2020; 209: 107512. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107512

7. Pilkington V., Pepperrell T., Hill A. A review of the safety of favipiravir – a potential treatment in the COVID-19 pandemic? J. Virus Erad. 2020; 6(2): 45–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2055-6640(20)30016-9

8. Abdelnabi R., Morais A.T.S., Leyssen P., Imbert I., Beaucourt S., Blanc H., et al. Understanding the Mechanism of the Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Activity of Favipiravir (T-705): Key Role of the F1 Motif of the Viral Polymerase. J. Virol. 2017; 91(12): e00487–17. https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00487-17

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13. Naesens L., Guddat L.W., Keough D.T., van Kuilenburg A.B., Meijer J., Vande Voorde J., et al. Role of human hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase in activation of the antiviral agent T-705 (favipiravir). Mol. Pharmacol. 2013; 84(4): 615–29. https://doi.org/10.1124/mol.113.087247

14. Smee D.F., Hurst B.L., Egawa H., Takahashi K., Kadota T., Furuta Y. Intracellular metabolism of favipiravir (T-705) in uninfected and influenza A (H5N1) virus-infected cells. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2009; 64(4): 741–6. https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkp274

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19. Jin Z., Smith L.K., Rajwanshi V.K., Kim B., Deval J. The ambiguous base-pairing and high substrate efficiency of T-705 (Favipiravir) ribofuranosyl 5’-triphosphate towards influenza A virus polymerase. PLoS One. 2013; 8(7): e68347. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0068347

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21. Guedj J., Piorkowski G., Jacquot F., Madelain V., Nguyen T.H.T., Rodallec A., et al. Antiviral efficacy of Favipiravir against Ebola virus: A translational study in cynomolgus macaques. PLoS Med. 2018; 15(3): e1002535. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002535

22. Goldhill D.H., te Velthuis A.J.W., Fletcher R.A., Langat P., Zambon M., Lackenby A., et al. The mechanism of resistance to Favipiravir in influenza. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA. 2018; 115(45): 11613–8. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1811345115

23. Shannon A., Selisko B., Le N.T., Huchting J., Touret F., Piorkowski G., et al. Rapid incorporation of Favipiravir by the fast and permissive viral RNA polymerase complex results in SARS-CoV-2 lethal mutagenesis. Nat. Commun. 2020; 11(1): 4682. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18463-z

24. Grande-Pérez A., Lazaro E., Lowenstein P., Domingo E., Manrubia S.C. Suppression of viral infectivity through lethal defection. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA. 2005; 102(12): 4448–52. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0408871102

25. Perales C., Mateo R., Mateu M.G., Domingo E. Insights into RNA virus mutant spectrum and lethal mutagenesis events: replicative interference and complementation by multiple point mutants. J. Mol. Biol. 2007; 369(4): 985–1000. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2007.03.074

26. Wang M., Cao R., Zhang L., Yang X., Liu J., Xu M., et al. Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro. Cell. Res. 2020; 30: 269–71. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41422-020-0282-0

27. Cai Q., Yang M., Liu D., Chen J., Shu D., Xia J., et al. Experimental treatment with Favipiravir for COVID-19: An open-label control study. Engineering (Beijing). 2020; 6(10): 1192–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2020.03.007

28. Joshi S., Parkar J., Ansari A., Vora A., Talwar D., Tiwaskar M., et al. Role of Favipiravir in the treatment of COVID-19. Int. J. Infect. Dis. 2020; 102: 501–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.10.069

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Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology. 2021; 98: 213-220

Favipiravir: the hidden threat of mutagenic action

Zhirnov O. P., Chernyshova A. I.

https://doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-114

Abstract

 

The antiviral drug favipiravir (FVP), which is a structural analogue of guanosine, undergoes chemical transformation in infected cells by cellular enzymes into a nucleotide form — favipiravir ribose triphosphate (FVPRTP). FVP-RTP is able to bind to viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and integrate into the viral RNA chain, causing a significant mutagenic effect through G→A and С→U transitions in the viral RNA genome. Besides the virus inhibiting effect, the increased synthesis of mutant virions under the action of FPV possess a threat of the emergence of novel threatening viral strains with high pathogenicity for humans and animals and acquired resistance to chemotherapeutic compound. There are three ways to minimize this mutagenic effect of FP. (1) Synthesis of new FPV modifications lacking the ability to integrate into the synthesized viral RNA molecule. (2) The combined use of FPV with antiviral chemotherapeutic drugs of a different mechanism of action directed at various viral and/or host cell targets. (3) Permanent application of high therapeutic doses of FPV under the strict medical control to enhance the lethal mutagenic effect on an infectious virus in the recipient organism to prevent the multiplication of its mutant forms.

References

1. Zhirnov O.P. Molecular targets in the chemotherapy of coronavirus infection. Biochemistry (Mosc). 2020; 85(5): 523–30. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0006297920050016

2. Tsai S.C., Lu C.C., Bau D.T., Chiu Y.J., Yen Y.T., Hsu Y.M., et al. Approaches towards fighting the COVID 19 pandemic (Review). Int. J. Mol. Med. 2020; 47(1): 3–22. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2020.4794

3. Furuta Y., Gowen B.B., Takahashi K., Shiraki K., Smee D.F., Barnard D.L. Favipiravir (T-705), a novel viral RNA polymerase inhibitor. Antiviral Res. 2013; 100(2): 446–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.09.015

4. Furuta Y., Komeno T., Nakamura T. Favipiravir (T-705), a broad spectrum inhibitor of viral RNA polymerase. Proc. Jpn Acad. Ser. B Phys. Biol. Sci. 2017; 93(7): 449–63. https://doi.org/10.2183/pjab.93.027

5. Furuta Y., Egawa H. Nitrogenous heterocyclic carboxamide derivatives or salts thereof and antiviral agents containing both. European Patent Office WO, 00/10569 (JP25044198 application 20.08.1998). WO2000010569A1; 2000.

6. Shiraki K., Daikoku T. Favipiravir, an anti-influenza drug against life-threatening RNA virus infections. Pharmacol Ther. 2020; 209: 107512. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107512

7. Pilkington V., Pepperrell T., Hill A. A review of the safety of favipiravir – a potential treatment in the COVID-19 pandemic? J. Virus Erad. 2020; 6(2): 45–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2055-6640(20)30016-9

8. Abdelnabi R., Morais A.T.S., Leyssen P., Imbert I., Beaucourt S., Blanc H., et al. Understanding the Mechanism of the Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Activity of Favipiravir (T-705): Key Role of the F1 Motif of the Viral Polymerase. J. Virol. 2017; 91(12): e00487–17. https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00487-17

9. Jordan P.C., Stevens S.K., Deval J. Nucleosides for the treatment of respiratory RNA virus infections. Antivir. Chem. Chemother. 2018; 26: 2040206618764483. https://doi.org/10.1177/2040206618764483

10. Neogi U., Hill K.J., Ambikan A.T., Heng X., Quinn T.P., Byrareddy S.N., et al. Feasibility of Known RNA Polymerase Inhibitors as Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Drugs. Pathogens. 2020; 9(5): 320. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9050320

11. Delang L., Abdelnabi R., Neyts J. Favipiravir as a potential countermeasure against neglected and emerging RNA viruses. Antiviral Res. 2018; 153: 85–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.03.003

12. Sada M., Saraya T., Ishii H., Okayama K., Hayashi Y., Tsugawa T., et al. Detailed molecular interactions of Favipiravir with SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and influenza virus polymerases in silico. Microorganisms. 2020; 8(10): 1610. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8101610

13. Naesens L., Guddat L.W., Keough D.T., van Kuilenburg A.B., Meijer J., Vande Voorde J., et al. Role of human hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase in activation of the antiviral agent T-705 (favipiravir). Mol. Pharmacol. 2013; 84(4): 615–29. https://doi.org/10.1124/mol.113.087247

14. Smee D.F., Hurst B.L., Egawa H., Takahashi K., Kadota T., Furuta Y. Intracellular metabolism of favipiravir (T-705) in uninfected and influenza A (H5N1) virus-infected cells. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2009; 64(4): 741–6. https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkp274

15. Bixler S.L., Bocan T.M., Wells J., Wetzel K.S., Van Tongeren S.A., Garza N.L., et al. Intracellular conversion and in vivo dose response of favipiravir (T-705) in rodents infected with Ebola virus. Antiviral Res. 2018; 151: 50–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.12.020

16. Baranovich T., Wong S.S., Armstrong J., Marjuki H., Webby R.J., Webster R.G., et al. T-705 (favipiravir) induces lethal mutagenesis in influenza A H1N1 viruses in vitro. J. Virol. 2013; 87(7): 3741–51. https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.02346-12

17. Arias A., Thorne L., Goodfellow I. Favipiravir elicit antiviral mutagenesis during virus replication in vivo. eLife. 2014; 3: e03679. https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.03679

18. Sangawa H., Komeno T., Nishikawa H., Yoshida A., Takahashi K., Nomura N., et al. Mechanism of action of T-705 ribosyl triphosphate against influenza virus RNA polymerase. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2013; 57(11): 5202–8. https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.00649-13

19. Jin Z., Smith L.K., Rajwanshi V.K., Kim B., Deval J. The ambiguous base-pairing and high substrate efficiency of T-705 (Favipiravir) ribofuranosyl 5’-triphosphate towards influenza A virus polymerase. PLoS One. 2013; 8(7): e68347. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0068347

20. de Ávila A.I., Gallego I., Soria M.E., Gregori J., Quer J., Esteban J.I., et al. Lethal mutagenesis of hepatitis C virus induced by Favipiravir. PLoS One. 2016; 11(10): e0164691. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0164691

21. Guedj J., Piorkowski G., Jacquot F., Madelain V., Nguyen T.H.T., Rodallec A., et al. Antiviral efficacy of Favipiravir against Ebola virus: A translational study in cynomolgus macaques. PLoS Med. 2018; 15(3): e1002535. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002535

22. Goldhill D.H., te Velthuis A.J.W., Fletcher R.A., Langat P., Zambon M., Lackenby A., et al. The mechanism of resistance to Favipiravir in influenza. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA. 2018; 115(45): 11613–8. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1811345115

23. Shannon A., Selisko B., Le N.T., Huchting J., Touret F., Piorkowski G., et al. Rapid incorporation of Favipiravir by the fast and permissive viral RNA polymerase complex results in SARS-CoV-2 lethal mutagenesis. Nat. Commun. 2020; 11(1): 4682. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18463-z

24. Grande-Pérez A., Lazaro E., Lowenstein P., Domingo E., Manrubia S.C. Suppression of viral infectivity through lethal defection. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA. 2005; 102(12): 4448–52. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0408871102

25. Perales C., Mateo R., Mateu M.G., Domingo E. Insights into RNA virus mutant spectrum and lethal mutagenesis events: replicative interference and complementation by multiple point mutants. J. Mol. Biol. 2007; 369(4): 985–1000. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2007.03.074

26. Wang M., Cao R., Zhang L., Yang X., Liu J., Xu M., et al. Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro. Cell. Res. 2020; 30: 269–71. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41422-020-0282-0

27. Cai Q., Yang M., Liu D., Chen J., Shu D., Xia J., et al. Experimental treatment with Favipiravir for COVID-19: An open-label control study. Engineering (Beijing). 2020; 6(10): 1192–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2020.03.007

28. Joshi S., Parkar J., Ansari A., Vora A., Talwar D., Tiwaskar M., et al. Role of Favipiravir in the treatment of COVID-19. Int. J. Infect. Dis. 2020; 102: 501–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.10.069

29. Ivashchenko A.A., Dmitriev K.A., Vostokova N.V., Azarova V.N., Blinow A.A., Egorova A.N., et al. AVIFAVIR for treatment of patients with moderate COVID-19: Interim results of a phase II/III multicenter randomized clinical trial. Clin. Infect. Dis. 2020; ciaa1176. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa1176

30. Eloy P., Solas C., Touret F., Mentré F., Malvy D., de Lamballerie X., et al. Dose rationale for Favipiravir use in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 2020; 108(2): 188. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpt.1877

31. Perales C., Gallego I., de ́Avila A.I., Soria M.E., Gregori J., Quer J., et al. The increasing impact of lethal mutagenesis of viruses. Future Med. Chem. 2019; 11(13): 1645–57. https://doi.org/10.4155/fmc-2018-0457

32. Li G., De Clercq E. Therapeutic options for the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 2020; 19(3): 149–50. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41573-020-00016-0

33. Ferron F. Structural and molecular basis of mismatch correction and ribavirin excision from coronavirus RNA. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2018; 115(2): E162–71. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1718806115

34. Ilyushina N.A., Bovin N.V., Webster R.G., Govorkova E.A. Combination chemotherapy, a potential strategy for reducing the emergence of drug-resistant influenza A variants. Antiviral Res. 2006; 70(3): 121–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.antiviral.2006.01.012

35. Lu Y., Hardes K., Dahms S.O., Böttcher-Friebertshäuser E., Steinmetzer T., Than M.E., et al. Peptidomimetic furin inhibitor MI-701 in combination with oseltamivir and ribavirin efficiently blocks propagation of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses and delays high level oseltamivir resistance in MDCK cells. Antiviral Res. 2015; 120: 89–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.antiviral.2015.05.006

36. Baz M., Carbonneau J., Rhéaume C., Cavanagh M.H., Boivin G. Combination therapy with Oseltamivir and Favipiravir delays mortality but does not prevent Oseltamivir resistance in immunodeficient mice infected with pandemic A(H1N1) influenza virus. Viruses. 2018; 10(11): 610. https://doi.org/10.3390/v10110610

37. Beigel J.H., Bao Y., Beeler J., Manosuthi W., Slandzicki A., Dar S.M., et al. A randomized double-blind phase 2 study of combination antivirals for the treatment of influenza. Lancet Infect. Dis. 2017; 17: 1255–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(17)30476-0

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